天文學家追蹤太陽系神秘行星 疑位處太陽系邊緣 大木星4倍

天文學家追蹤太陽系神秘行星 疑位處太陽系邊緣 大木星4倍
(明報)2011年2月17日 星期四 05:05
【明報專訊】5年前天文學界將冥王星    剔出太陽系    九大行星    之列，但最近美國    天體學家稱在太陽系外圍懷疑發現一個巨型行星，令「九大行星」可能回歸。這填補行星空缺的新成員質量比目前太陽系最大行星木星還要大4倍，不過尚待進一步的數據分析，方能披露行星的真實狀貌，預計需時幾年。

美國路易斯安那州大學的天體物理學家馬泰塞（John Matese）與惠特邁爾（Daniel Whitmire）稱，在冥王星軌道以外的太陽系偏遠「奧爾特雲」（Oort Cloud）外圍某個位置，比正常多兩成長周期彗星出現，而一顆以氣體為主、推測質量有5300個地球般大的行星可能就是原因。其行走軌道相當於地球距太陽的1.5萬倍，比冥王星還要遠375倍，故過去一直未被發現。不過，兩人指美國太空總署2009年發射的宇宙望遠鏡「廣域紅外線    測量探測器」（WISE，Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer），已錄得這顆行星的資料；首批數據分析結果將於今年4月公布。

氫氦構成 -73℃較冥王星暖4至5倍

馬泰塞與惠特邁爾指，它之所以在「廣域紅外線測量探測器」芸芸數據中奪人眼目，因為它較冥王星暖4、5倍，約為-73℃。惠特邁爾說﹕「這股熱力是形成後遺留下來的。以這體積來說，要花好長時間才能冷卻。」他們說，此星相信主要由氫（hydrogen）和氦（helium）構成，且大概擁有極似木星的那種大氣層，即富有彩色的斑點、光帶和雲朵，預期還有有一些衛星。

他們早於1999年已懷疑有此星的存在，並為此假設存在的行星冠上希臘    命運女神之名「堤喀」（Tyche）。惟它能否確立為「新的第九行星」和會否沿用「堤喀」之名，須由國際天文學會（IAU）決定。

倘被確認 或改寫太陽系形成原理

中國江蘇省天文學會秘書長李旻表示，奧爾特雲區域是太陽系的最邊緣，過去天文學上一直認為，在如此遙遠的地方，不會有太陽系行星的存在，但如果它的身分最終得到確認，那就將顛覆人類對於太陽系的認識，太陽系的形成、太陽系行星的形成等原理都將被改寫。奧爾特雲是聚集太陽系最原始物質的地方，大部分都是接近-273℃「絕對零度」（熱力學溫度理論的下限）的一團團髒冰。若真在此發現一顆巨大的「行星」，它還極有可能擁有自己的衛星，這些都將成為人類探索地外生命的新目標。

獨立報
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